The
B&O Railroad Goes to War
Part
VI: June -- August 1918
The sixth of June is most often linked to the mighty "D-Day" landings during World War Two. Before 1944, Americans remembered that day because of the fighting at Belleau Wood during the "Great War."
On June 1, the Germans went on the offensive at Belleau Wood, facing off against an allied force of U.S., British, and French forces. The 5th & 6th Marines were brought up at the double quick to reinforce the French on the flank. With the Marines was 28 year-old Thomas H. Wales of Weston, West Virginia. Before the war, Wales served in the peace time force as a Marine. Before and after that stint he held a number of positions with the B&O in Weston . Once war was declared by the United States, Wales reenlisted in the Marine Corps on April 19, 1917. By August, Wales was serving in France.
A young Thomas Wales before the war. [B&O Railroad Museum Collection] |
On June 6, 1918, elements of the 5th & 6th Marines took part in an assault on the German lines. They were met with heavy machine gun fire and engaged in fierce hand-to-hand combat. By the end of the fighting that day the Marines suffered over one thousand casualties, including Wales who was killed during the assault. The B&O mourned his loss.
Back home, the B&O continued to promote the Third Liberty Loan through public relations activities and in the Employee Magazine. Many locomotives were outfitted with American flags and painted Liberty Loan slogans. The company also campaigned for the "Second Red Cross War Fund," which netted $13,873 from the employees in Baltimore by the beginning of August.
On May 25, the United States Railroad Administration (USRA) announced a wage hike for a number of railroad workers in the industry. A wage commission formed by Director-General William G. McAdoo found that the current wage levels did not match the rising cost of living. In August, the USRA made another progressive move for railroad workers. In several locations, the agency opened railroad ticket schools to train women. There were not enough men to fill this role, so the government turned to women to fill this void. Upon completion of their training they were paid the same wage as a man doing the same job.
Throughout the summer of 1918, the B&O continued to make an impact both at home and abroad. Overseas, B&O employees took part in the Allied counter offensives that would ultimately help end the war. At home, all employees gave what they had and more to the Third Liberty Loan Drive. At home, women were going above and beyond with new opportunities in the work force.
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By Harrison Van Waes
Curator, B&O Railroad Museum
The B&O Railroad Goes to War is a multi-part blog series commemorating the centennial of American involvement in World War I. Follow along with this series through November 2018.
Sources:
Baltimore & Ohio Employee Magazine [June 1918 - August 1918]
Hays T. Watkins Research Library & Archives, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum
------
By Harrison Van Waes
Curator, B&O Railroad Museum
The B&O Railroad Goes to War is a multi-part blog series commemorating the centennial of American involvement in World War I. Follow along with this series through November 2018.
Sources:
Baltimore & Ohio Employee Magazine [June 1918 - August 1918]
Hays T. Watkins Research Library & Archives, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum
9 comments:
A remarkable story of a World War I soldier, Pvt. Emil F. Rezek, is told in a book published on Amazon in June 2017 titled, "A World War I Soldier And His Camera". Pvt. Rezek was an Army railroad fireman on the Baldwin 2-8-0 locomotive stationed at St. Nazaire, France. He was assigned to bring the 14-inch bore Naval Railroad Gun to Metz, France, which fired the last round on November 11, 1918, at 10:55 AM. Upon return to the USA in April 1919 he was hired by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad after which he served 40 years as a fireman/engineer on the Cincinnati-Toledo run. A very interesting story of the only known soldier to serve in both the Navy and Army simultaneously during the Great War. The story is enhanced by many photos Pvt. Rezek took of the St. Nazaire port and railroad yards, and the assembly of the 14-inch Naval railroad gun and Baldwin locomotives.
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